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RDRAM - Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory
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August 1, 2005
   I've recently culled the list. It's been widdled down to 5 pages from its previous 10.
   The choice on what to keep and what to retire was made on a couple different factors, helpfulness, relevancy and readability.
   The items left on the list have also been reworded to take out my Asperger's induced unneeded sarcasm.
Other Info
March 27, 2005
   One of Jeff Levy's co-workers brought in an old 386 machine to see if it could be upgraded ("resurrected"). He said that it could. "The way you would that do that is, take the motherboard out and replace it with a new motherboard with a new CPU and new RAM. You can still use the old hard drive, there is a bottle-neck there." He than correctly listed the other steps and considerations, but then added: "The power supply will plug into the motherboard, that's very standard."

Reply
   Levy's suggestions would be okay except that a 386 is just too old to use most of today's components.
   The 386 used an AT form factor case and power supply. The AT power connection actually used two separate plugs side by side, making it easy to misconnect and ruin the motherboard (just remember the black wires go in the middle). Whereas a new motherboard uses the ATX form factor and requires a compatible case and power supply. An ATX motherboard uses a one-piece keyed power connection, making it very hard to misconnect. ATX also uses different postions for the motherboard's mounting screws.
   It's possible that the 386 that the co-worker brought in used an IDE drive, in which case Levy was correct in say it could still be used. But frequently 386 era machines used now long dead connection methods, making the hard drive
   To upgrade a 386 you could get a new case and etc. but then you're not really upgrading the 386, you're starting from scratch building a new machine and using the old keyboard, floppy drive and maybe the mouse and monitor.

Other Info
February 20, 2005
   The caller couldn't drag-n-drop (with Explorer) a 10 GiB video file onto his 250 GiB USB drive. Levy told the caller to try copy-n-paste instead of drag-n-drop.

Reply
   Functionally, drag-n-drop and copy-n-paste are the same. The file tranfer is done in the same way with the same IO functions.
   The caller's problem is likely caused by a file system limitation. The drive probably shipped formatted FAT32, which can't store files larger than 4 GiB. Because the caller had no problem with these big files on his computer's 80 GiB hard drive, it must have been formatted NTFS. Since NTFS can store files that are as big as the partition (minus the space taken by the file system's metadata). So a 60 GiB drive could store a file that's nearly 60 GiB. What the caller needs to do is re-format or convert the USB drive to NTFS (before doing either, the data should be backed up). Here's two pages that show how to convert it: Here and Here(for XP).
   Here's a blog entry which describes the same problem.

Other Info
July 25, 2004
   This isn't really star-worthy, but it does deserve an honorable mention. Today Jeff Levy dispelled some computer myths, one of them being that you can damage your computer by unplugging USB devices before getting permission from Windows. Stating, "Rumor number 1, if you don't 'stop' a USB device before unplugging it while your PC's running you're gonna mess things up...no, actually it's not."
   That's correct and I'm mentioning this only because it corrects his May 1st statements.
Other Info
May 8, 2004
   Levy told a caller that he needed to upgrade to Windows XP, but the caller wasn't sure that the 256 MiB of RAM he had was enough RAM for XP. To which Levy responded, "Trust me if you've got 256 megs, you can always upgrade to 512."

Reply
   The maximum amount of RAM that a computer can handle is dictated by the Motherboard's chipset. Different chipsets can have different limits and capabilities.
   The caller's machine was using a Pentium 3, so it may be able to handle the upgrade if needed. However my own P3 machine IS limited to 256 MiB (2x128 MiB DIMMs).

Other Info
May 1, 2004
   Back on March 14, while explaining USB Drives, Jeff Levy stated: "Hot Swappable is a good thing, means you can pull the drive. In some of the old machines you had to actually click on an icon and essentially get permission...you don't have to do that anymore."
   Now, 48 days later, Levy warns us that we all need to "park" our USB devices before unplugging them. Stating that once USB devices are connected, "you should not under any circumstances remove them while Windows is running, until you park them because when you remove them you run a risk. Remember that USB cables, USB devices, are connected to a port that carries both data and electricity, and when you yank them you run the risk of having a static electricity attack that could destroy the motherboard, it could destroy the device. It is dangerous, it is unseamly, and it's not a good thing to do." Levy then (correctly) gave the steps to remove a device, ending with, "...when it says it's safe to disconnect that device, it is parked. And now there's no electricity flow to it."

Reply
   Parking is an old term for the process whereby a hard drive's read/write heads are placed in an area of the disk that isn't used for data (the landing zone). Modern hard drives will Auto-Park when they lose power, whereas older drives did need to be Parked (using a utility) before the computer was turned off.
   Next, the USB plug is a grounded connection. Therefore, as long as the device is connected, a build up of Static Electricity isn't a problem because the device is not insolated from the computer. Static electricity is only an issue when the device is first plugged in.
   Considering that the Universal Serial Bus is designed to be Hot Swappable, and thus have devices plugged or removed while the Bus is powered, the possibilty of damage from plugging and unplugging is infinitesimal. Which brings us finally to why we shouldn't just unplug some USB devices.
   USB devices which can store data do require several steps to remove them. The steps are as follow: Double-click the "Unplug or Eject Hardware" icon in the System Tray and from the new window select the device and click the Stop button.
   Contrary to Levy's statement, Stopping a device does not turn off the power to its port. Part of the Stopping process involves removing the device's drive letter (if it has one), but most importantly flushing any unwritten data to the device. Without going through the Stopping process there could be data in RAM that would be lost because it wasn't written to the device.
   Mp3 clips for both quotes are here: March 14th and May 1st.

Other Info
April 18, 2004
   Jeff Levy was listing some other uses for the 'unsolicited CDs' which you receive from AOL and the like. During which he said, "I put my coffee mugs on 'em, I know that destroys the data."

Reply
   That's a possibility, however heat is not always a bad thing for a CD.
   I know of one case where the temporary application of heat is good. That being the many times that I've boiled DVDs and CDs to heat polish them, so that they will play properly. Here's a post I made awhile back which explains the process (username DuneBoy). For informational purposes only, i.e., don't hurt yourself (or stuff) and sue me.

Other Info
April 17, 2004
   While giving his usual reasons why people should buy the Full version of Windows versus the Upgrade version. Levy added, "In some cases people who have bought the Upgrade version still get that Full install. I like the Full version, you get things that you don't get with the Upgrade version in terms of what gets installed."

Reply
   I've done a comparaison between my Sister's Windows XP Pro Upgrade disc and my Brother-in-law's Full disc. And they are nearly indentical. The only difference I could find was in 9 files in the i386 directory, the differences in the files are (it can be assumed) what implements the Upgrade installer's check for a previous (qualifying) version of Windows.
   This MS page explains how to do a clean install of XP (see the note at the bottom for Upgrade disc info).
   Comparisons were done by creating md5 signatures for the files on one disc, and checking them with the signatures of the other disc's files.

Other Info
April 8, 2004
   Editorial: This has nothing to do with Jeff Levy, and is only placed here so that it gets the most viewage by those who it may help.

   It has been brought to my attention that the Internet access portion of the DirecTV service (called DirecWay), is a less than perfect service (i.e. horrible). Let me recount the experience of someone who has had the service (a friend who I'll call JR).
   JR was assured (and re-assured) when signing-up that if she wasn't satisfied with the service that she could cancel it and would just have to pay for the portion of the month that had been used (as long as it was canceled within the first 30 days). The service ended up being very slow and unpredictible, and when JR attempted to troubleshoot it with Tech. Support it was nearly impossible because their Tech. Support people were not fluent in English.
   Needless to say JR canceled the service (within the first 30 days), but along came the termination fees a $100 Service fee and a $400 Hardware fee (the $400 is refundable when the hareware is returned, but "Professional De-Installation" is another $100). JR was never told about any of these fees, quite the opposite, she was assured exactly what she would have to pay and it didn't include a $400 or even $100 fee.
   JR is currently disputing the charge to her credit card and has this to say about DirecTV: "Complete and total Scam artist at work here."

Other Info
March 28, 2004
   Jeff Levy doesn't think that the Error Reporting feature of Windows XP does any good toward making itself, and future products, better. Saying, "It wants to report itself to Microsoft, so that it can develop for you a better product. Wait a minute, we're getting Service Packs comin' out our ears so we're not developing better product. So why are we reporting ourselves to Microsoft?"[sic]

Reply
   Ever heard the old adage: "The squeaking wheel gets the grease." Well, Error Reporting lets MS know that there's a squeak. And the Service Packs along with other updates are the grease. Here's a page which details what data is sent to Microsoft and how it's handled.

Other Info
March 6, 2004
   While ranting about Bill Gates' suggestion that people "buy stamps" to send email, Levy made the following statements: (Concerning email) "...it's free, and you know that." (On charging for email) "What does that really do? I don't see it, I don't see where that's gonna go. So I'll mail you a check, who's gonna get the money? Well-not the Post Office, Bill Gates." (A few words for Gates) "Bill, you're incredibly bright when it comes to earning money. And incredibly stupid and insensitive when it comes for new ideas."[sic]

Reply
   Email is not exactly free, there's no per-email charge (under normal circumstances), but last time I looked I still pay an ISP for internet access.
   But more importantly, Levy assumed that the payment for sending email would be made with money. The "payment" that is being suggested would be made with the computer's spare clock cycles. Upon sending an email, the sender's computer would be asked to solve a complicated math problem.
   For instance, let's say the math problem took ten seconds to solve. To send 20 emails, just under 3 1/2 minutes would be added to the time it takes to send the email. However for a spammer sending a million emails, they would require nearly 116 DAYS worth of processing power. (Note: At 10 seconds per solution you could send up to 8,640 emails in 24 hours.)
   Another potenial solution to the spam problem would be the inclusion of a CAPTCHA system which would verify that the sender is human (versus an automated spam mailing program).
   Further reading can be found here: Bill Gates' Proposal and this CNN News article.
   My thanks to Norman Lee for his help with this item.

Other Info
February 9, 2004
   While doing a search for any Jeff Levy related news on Usenet, I came across a posting (made on 09-14-2003) that attempted to correct some statements of my own.
   After ridiculing data storage on the Moon. The poster said he wasn't sure that pressing Ctrl-Alt-Delete (twice) in Windows was a bad thing, further stating: "I know ctr alt del is hardware related, not something that comes with windows."[sic]
   He went on to say that he doesn't think it's a "big deal" to Ctrl-Alt-Delete in a system with no hard drive. Adding that if someone has got file corruption, it was probably caused by "resetting while a file is being read."

Reply
   Firstly, the ability to reboot a PC by pressing Ctrl-Alt-Delete is a function of the software (before Windows is loaded it's handled by the BIOS), not the hardware. And while "comes with" is the wrong wording, all modern versions of Windows handle the Ctrl-Alt-Delete combo themselves (instead of the BIOS). Windows 9x displays the Close Program window which also warns that pressing the combo again will reboot the computer and cause data loss. In NT based versions of Windows, Ctrl-Alt-Delete gives you the Windows Security window (in XP you go straight to the Task Manager). Note: For added security, NT can even be configured to require Ctrl-Alt-Delete be pressed before you can login.
   Secondly. Of course there is no problem with Ctrl-Alt-Deleting a system with no hard drive, because it is the hard drive's data that is at risk when it gets rebooted suddenly. The problem arises from the fact that modern Operating Systems write file data to a cache (in RAM) for later writing to the drive. Any data that is in the cache that hasn't yet been written to the drive will be lost if the computer is turned off or reset without going through the proper steps to shut it down (i.e. Start, Shut Down).
   Lastly, my statements on Moon-data storage are in the September 7, 2003 item. In support of my postion I suggest the reading of this article.

Other Info
January 25, 2004
   The caller (actually his daughter) had lost the user's password for Windows XP (Home). To fix it, Levy told the caller to boot Windows XP into Safe Mode. "You can go into Safe Mode, and now you can go into the Control Panel, and you can go into Users and you can fix and change the password through Safe Mode." To which the caller exclaimed, "really, Safe Mode will override the password?" "That's right," Levy replied.

Reply
   Levy's solution is somewhat valid, but his facts are wrong. Booting XP Home into Safe Mode doesn't override the password but rather gives you access to an account which by default has a blank password (it's the Admin's account). However if the Admin's password has been changed, you would need to enter the proper password to log in. Take a look at the Note at the top of this MS article.
   In Windows XP, before you forget the password you can create a Password Reset Disk. If the password has already been forgotten a tool such as this one may be able to recover it. Be aware that you use such a program at your own risk.

Other Info
January 25, 2004
   After explaining how to remove the little dog from Windows XP's search window. Levy said, "If you dig a little deeper, it kind of hints to you that you can change the animated characters. But the truth of the matter is, you've only got the dog."

Reply
   Under the hood that Dog is something called a Microsoft Agent, and while Windows XP comes with just the Dog you can get other Agents. This Microsoft page has four of them that you can download, a Genie, a Wizard, a Bird and a Robot. MS Office also comes with some other Agents.

Other Info
January 25, 2004
   While explaining the difference between Windows 98 and Windows 98 Second Edition, Jeff Levy stated: "In the history of Microsoft, as they bring out Operating Systems, they frequently fix bugs that they find and add features. And very typically that's done by what's called a patch, but they call it a Service Pack because a patch is an admission that they're fixing something that's wrong."

Reply
   A patch is not the same thing as a Service Pack. A Service Pack is a collection of fixes for the Operating System. Within a Service Pack are whole files which replace those already on the system. A patch however contains only the new code that needs to be applied, not the whole file. Patches are also usually for a just single file or product, whereas a Service Pack covers any part of Windows that needs fixing (or adding to).

Other Info
January 24, 2004
   Levy explained the difference between a SIMM and a DIMM. A SIMM is, "a board with the RAM chips all on one side." Whereas if you look at a DIMM, "you'll see RAM chips on both sides." Further stating that SIMMs are easy to recognise because each, "SIMM module has 72 pins...it's got 36 on either side of this little board." Levy then gave instructions for removing and install RAM.

Reply
   The positioning of the chips has nothing to do with making it a SIMM or a DIMM. A SIMM is so called because it has a single row of contacts, the contacts on both sides are connected. But with a DIMM there are two (or dual) rows of contacts, because the contacts on one side don't connect with those on the other.
   A 72-pin SIMM has all 72 pins on each side, not 36 on one side and another 36 pins on the other side. DIMMs however, since they have two rows, do have half their pins on one side and half on the other (which he did state, and was correct).
   Finally, the instructions Levy gave for removing and install RAM were correct. Except that they were for SIMMs and won't work for DIMMs since they insert differently. To remove a DIMM you pull the tabs from the ends of the DIMM, which causes it to be pushed out of the socket. This page has the steps for installing a DIMM. Personally I've never been able to install a DIMM with it perfectly parallel to the socket, I've always had to push one end in then the other.
   Here's a picture showing two DIMMs (a double-sided and a single-sided) and a SIMM (double-sided).

Other Info
January 10, 2004
   The caller had created a shortcut to a webpage (from within his browser), but its filename was too long and now he couldn't delete it from his Desktop. Levy summerized the problem as, "So you have an icon on the Desktop and you can't delete it?" For which Levy's solution was to download Tweak UI to remove the Desktop icon.

Reply
   The Desktop icons that Tweak UI (XP or 9x/NT/2K) can remove are special icons such as the Recycle Bin, Network Neighborhood (now My Network Places), and so on. The file the caller had was not a special file, just a normal file with an invalid length filename. The way to fix it would be to open the Command Prompt and navigate to the Desktop directory. Once there, you can rename (via ren TOOLONG*.* SHORT.*) or delete it (with del TOOLONG*.*) using the * wildcard in place of typing the whole name.

Other Info
January 10, 2004
   Jeff Levy is "predicting that Microsoft will bring out some new version of XBox that's gonna play everybody's game, and not just the games that they make."[sic]

Reply
   Technological difficulties aside. The lawsuits that would ensue would keep such a product off the shelves till it was obsolete. Beside which MS doesn't make their profits (when they do make them) from the hardware, but rather from the games and licensing fees (which is apparently typical in the Video Game industry).
   From a business stand point it doesn't make any sense because making a console that plays another company's games, only sells more games for that company.

Other Info
December 7, 2003
   While discussing switching from one cell phone carrier to another, Levy stated. "Your original cell phone...put it in the driveway, run over it with your truck and then sweep the pieces into the trash. It's useless."

Reply
   How about instead of suggesting people destroy their phones, Levy suggest people donate the phone so it can still be put to use.

Other Info
November 2, 2003
   On the Windows XP Setup floppies there is, "hidden in there somewhere is this console that will go out and try to fix everything."

Reply
   The Recovery Console doesn't "go out and try to fix" anything. It's basically NT's answer to the DOS command line, and does not repair the system automatically. It provides a means to recover a system through the use of different commands. A list of the commands can be found at this Microsoft page.

Other Info
September 27, 2003
   During his conversation with attorney Robert Shapiro, Jeff Levy asked what the process would be for him to copyright his name and the name of the show. Afterward stating, "...I don't want people using my name for their website...or linking to my lessons."

Reply
   Being an artist and programmer I know my share of copyright law, and one thing you cannot do is copyright your name. Why not? Well there has to be some level of creativity put into the work, and for things such as titles and slogans they are so short that it would not be hard for someone else to come up with the same thing. Names (not people ones), tag-lines/slogans and things that have just a few words can be trademarked. But a trademark only prevents someone from using the mark in the same capacity as the owner. So if "Jeff Levy on Computers" was trademarked I could still say it all I wanted but I couldn't have my own show named that. In addition, links are public fact and can't be copyrighted either, same as street addresses.
   And even though the whole show has an automatic (un-registered) copyright upon creation, I can quote Levy willy-nilly under 'fair use' because: A. It's a non-substantial portion of the work. and B. It's being used for criticism/news reporting/teaching.
   Here's an mp3 file of Levy's statements (the 3 beeps replace Shapiro's explaination of the process).

Other Info
September 21, 2003
   Thanks to Matthew for telling me about this one.
   A caller was getting lots of 'Failed Delivery' emails for messages she did not send. Levy suggested that she had a virus and that she should update her virus scanner.

Reply
   The caller could've had a virus infection, so suggesting an update would be prudent. However there are other causes as well.
   Spammers normally don't use their own email addresses in the 'From' field. Should your address be the one they use, then you get all the undeliverable email notices.
   Another possibility is certain viruses which use the addresses in an infected computer's address book for the 'From' field. Making it appear that the email came from you even though it was someone else who was infected.
   Thanks again to Matthew.

Other Info
September 7, 2003
   The caller was using Norton AntiVirus 2003 and it would only let him quarantine a file, not delete it. Levy's solution was to go to Trend Micro and use their online virus scanner to scan for and delete the file from Norton's Quarantine.

Reply
   That won't work and here's why. When Norton quarantines a file it encrypts it, which is like turning the statement: "The sky is blue" into "{7%bT34(HIt$." Encrypting the file stops it from causing harm to the system, it also prevents other virus scanners from finding it.

Other Info
September 7, 2003
   This is just another difference of opinion between myself and Jeff Levy. He thinks the idea of putting servers on the moon is ridiculous, going so far as to ask: "P.T. Barnum, where are you when I need you so desperately?" Which is odd, considering that P.T. Barnum didn't say what everybody thinks he did.
   Anyways, putting data storage on the moon is a completely valid idea. Valid enough for Aurther C. Clarke to use something similar in his book "3001: The Final Oddessy." And the idea is no more ridiculous than storing it in boxes underneath a mountain, as it is done now. Besides, it would be darn hard for someone to sneak up to the moon and do damage.
Other Info
September 7, 2003
   A caller inquired about a Mac's vulnerabilty to viruses. Levy stated, "Macintosh is less vulnerable to the viruses and worms that attack known flaws in Windows Operating Systems. Mac is still vulnerable to viruses and things that attack Microsoft Office products."

Reply
   Just a clarification, the "viruses and things" that attack MS Office: A. Don't actually attack the product, but rather use the product to attack the system. B. They are more commonly called Macro Viruses, a macro is a set of instructions used for controlling an application. In the case of Office it is the VB scripting language.

Other Info
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